A German- Chinese Joint Venture in the Electronics...

Case study: A German- Chinese joint venture in the electronics industry Analysis of the underlying intercultural communication differences For: The course of Intercultural Business Communication in China The School of International studies [STUDENT’S NAME] Agenda Agenda†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....................II 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 2 Case description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............................................................1-2 3 Analysis of the case†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3-6 3.1 Problems and underlying cultural differences 3.2 Solutions and recommendations 4 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5†¦show more content†¦They complain about the Chinese stealing Western know-how but, at the same time, if they have a few hours free before their flight to Germany, they go to the fake market and buy watches and clothing for their family and friends.† ( source: Business spotlight (2008): The Chinese-German team, http://www.business-spotlight.de/intercultural/case-studies/the-chinese-german-team) Although a consultant was brought in, during the interviews the situation got even worse. Important negotiations about the JV did not advance. The four key central points on which the problem is based were the following: Firstly, in Mr. Meier`s view the negotiations just did not advance. Secondly, Mr. Meier thought the negotiations were not being conducted effectively. Thirdly, the Headquarter in Germany puts a lot of pressure on Mr. Meier to get it done very quickly. And finally Mr. Meier was angry with Mr. Wang and screamed at him that he was no longer prepared to be kept waiting. 3 Analysis and solutions of the case 3.1 Problems and underlying cultural differences Concerning the interviews there seem to be a number of cultural differences. The first key issue is Responsibility. While the German Manager Mr. Meier thinks that the Chinese don t take responsibility, the Chinese Manager Mr. Wang doesn t feel they are given any. For the German side, taking responsibility means acting independently within a predefined framework. 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Energy Drinks Essay - 1231 Words

In the present society, people’s schedules tend to be extremely hectic due to either strenuous work schedules or keeping up with school and families. Due to this, numerous individuals do not obtain the recommended eight hours of sleep. On top of not getting enough sleep, they do not eat the proper foods to nourish their bodies. In return, they have a substantial lack of energy. Usually people who do not take care of themselves tend to eventually get more tired by mid-day and as their day goes on. A simple solution would be to go to bed earlier and eat better foods. However, our society has become very lazy, obese, and have started to take the easy way out over the years. Instead of eating better and trying to get more sleep, people drink†¦show more content†¦Caffeine, however, is the most common stimulant. â€Å"Caffeine is the most widely used drug on the planet and has been used for centuries for its stimulating effects† (energy fiend.com). Most energy drinks contain between seventy to two hundred milligrams of caffeine each. For example, a full can of Rockstar contains one hundred sixty milligrams of caffeine. Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system, which gives the body a jolt of their senses, making them more alert. The use of caffeine can dehydrate the body and raise blood pressure and heart rate. Symptoms can commonly occur from consuming caffeine such as, heart palpitations, headaches, nausea, and the jitters. Taurine is an amino acid that is naturally produced by the body. Our body usually creates enough of this so you do not need a supplement. It is said to help with regulating the heart beat, energy and muscle contractions. A long time ago the use of taurine was banned in certain countries, but that ban has been lifted. The ingredient gaurana comes from a plant in South America. Some people say that gaurana works better than caffeine for an energy boost, but there are not many statistics on the fact. The last of the five common ingredients is all of the B vitamins that are used. These vitamins are pretty much the items that help you transform food into energy. The Vitamins B6 and B12 do not absorb well when you swallow them. Typically the amounts of B vitamins used in most of the energy drinks will have noShow MoreRelatedEnergy Drinks : The Energy Drink1548 Words   |  7 PagesMonster Energy Drink Over the years, energy drinks have been a phenomenon. Since 1997, when Red Bull became a sensation, the consumption of energy drinks has been at an all-time high. Currently, the energy drinks is a billion dollar market, with the U.S sales of Red Bull and Monster beverages totaling 4.5 billion dollars in 2016 (Statista, 2017). Other energy drinks in the market include Rock Star, Cocaine, Amp, Full Throttle, and Rip It. Generally, Malinauskas, Aeby, Overton, Carpenter-Aeby, andRead MoreEnergy Drinks1798 Words   |  8 Pagesquickly it could all slip away. 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The study, publishedRead MoreSports Drinks And Energy Drinks711 Words   |  3 Pagesadvertisement sports drinks and energy drinks claim they can do it all like weight loss, improve endurance, and develop better concentration. The question posed is do either sports drinks or energy drinks really do what they claim to do, and if so which one works best? First off, sports drinks and energy drinks may overlap however, they are not the same thing. Sports drinks such as Gatorade and PowerAde have been popular with athletes for decades. Historically sports drinks were specifically createdRead MoreThe Problem Of Energy Drinks Essay1300 Words   |à ‚  6 Pagesawake. Energy drinks have many untested contents within the drink that aren’t tested or regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, deeming it unsafe for consumption. 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Downloading Movies and TV is not a Crime

Question: Write an essay onDownloading movies and TV is not a crime. Answer: Its not illegal- stated by Jon Lawrence, Executive officer of Electronic Frontiers Alliance. Jons statement is in the context of downloading TV shows and movies especially in Australia. The author Rose Powell in her article, Downloading movies and TV is not a crime illustrates on his statement as evident in the country where almost half a million people are estimated to download movies and TV shows without even paying for it (Powell, 2014). According to the BBC report on the subscription services of piracy, around 13000 Australians attempt to the torrent files before it is launch officially (Gunter DeCamp, 2013). The article deals in illustrating the current legislation and the statistics of the people living in the country relating to the use of the piracy. The author is of the opinion that the words theft and stolen are often related to the movie tormenting conversations and piracy. The piracy has been the major issue of the current digital world where people are just taking advantage of the activities due to the absence of the regulations and laws governing the piracy in the country. According to digital activist, the piracy involves the making of a copy of the materials where the copyright owner are still capable of making the copies and sell the same by themselves and hence, should not be regarded as theft (Boggio Robertson, 2013). Depoorter Van Hiel, (2016) believe that the theft should not be applied in the terms of piracy as the copyright owners are not rest cited to sell their materials in the market. According to Gunter DeCamp (2013), the major ICT issue of the illegal downloading of the shows and movies, as evident in the article is the copyright issues which deals in the protection of the materials, works, arts and documen ts, being copyright of an individual, form the illegal utilization by any individual. In order to protect the piracy and copyright issues, the Government is required to create awareness of the ethical theories and implicate the copyright infringement and legal actions against the individuals who are associated with the illegal downloading of the TV shows and movies form the internet. Just Consequentialism is the class of ethical theories that holds the consequences of the acting on conduct on the individual basis for the judgment about the wrong doings or rightness of the conduct (Burmeister, 2013). From the standpoint of Liebowitz (2013), a morally right act enables in producing a positive and good consequence or outcome. According to an English proverb, the end justifies the means which helps in signifying the importance of the goal, which should be moral such that any method required achieving the same, would be acceptable (Amit Greene, 2012). According to Burmeister (2013), Consequentialism can be contrasted with deontology in which moral duty and rules are the core, which is derived by the wrongness or righteousness of ones conduct from the character of the behavior itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct. Attfield (2014) believes that the Consequentialism should also be contrasted with the virtue ethics, which helps in finding the character of the a gent instead of the virtue of the act itself. However, Chen Schonger (2013) believe that the consequential and deontologist theories could be mutually exclusive. They further postulate that the ethical rights to be considered as the deontology can only be justified only with the reference to the consequences of the associated rights. The Utilitarian theory is another ethical theory that holds the best moral action for the one that maximizes the utility. According to the founder of the utilitarian theory, Jeremy Bentham, the utility can be defined as the various ways that could be related to the well being of the sentient entities (Bentham, 2014). According to Sheng (2012), the concept of utility should be including the quality, quantity of the pleasure of the traditional moral values for achieving a particular outcome. Some of the researcher believes that the utilitarian must choose the act that conforms the general rule for getting the best consequences. Some of the utilitarian are of the belief that the major aspect of the theory is that it allows the lying around for getting the best consequences related to a particular situation (Evans Lee, 2013). The utilitarian can be allowed to choose the act for getting the best consequences. However, some of the rule utilitarian is of the opinion that speaking the truth helps in promoting good to every individual and that should be followed even if lying would be producing the best possible consequences (Schneider, 2014). Morever, such differences among the utilitarian must be holding the general principle that depends on the balancing of the harmful and beneficial consequences of the conduct. The utilitarian theory is the most significant method for moral decision-making process (Conway Gawronski, 2013). Thus, from the discussion of the theories related to the ethical values, the moral decisions should be taking into account for the justice by considering the immediate and less immediate consequences of the actions taken. Given the inconsistencies in summing the benefits and harms of the people, the consequentials ask to look beyond self-interest. The utilitarian ask us to look beyond the self-interest to consider impartially the interest of all person affected by our actions. The piracy has been the major issue of the current digital world where people are not just thinking about the consequences of the crime due to the absence of the regulations and laws governing the piracy in the country. The people are more concerned with doing what they feel like to be happy with the downloading of the otherwise copyright file without paying for the same. Thus, it seems very incumbent from the perspective of the consumers to try to respect the intellectual property which until they are faced wi th the imposing of the unreasonable expanses on them. Refraining these people from accessing and downloading, the material from internet would be a difficult takes until and unless they are made aware of the situation and the penalties involved. References Attfield, R. (2014).Environmental Ethics: An Overview for TheTwenty-First Century. John Wiley Sons. Bentham, J. (2014).Deontology; or, The Science of Morality.: In two volumes. Adegi Graphics LLC. Boggio, A., Robertson, J. H. (2013). The Unfinished Business of Assessing the Costs of Illegal Downloading.Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society. Borja, K., Dieringer, S., Daw, J. (2015). The effect of music streaming services on music piracy among college students.Computers in Human Behavior,45, 69-76. Burmeister, O. K. (2013). Achieving the goal of a global computing code of ethics through an international-localisation hybrid.Ethical Space,10(4), 25-32. Chen, D. L., Schonger, M. (2013).Social preferences or sacred values? theory and evidence of deontological motivations. Working paper, ETH Zurich, Mimeo. Conway, P., Gawronski, B. (2013). Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: a process dissociation approach.Journal of personality and social psychology,104(2), 216. Depoorter, B., Van Hiel, A. (2016). Copyright Alert Enforcement: Six Strikes and Privacy Harms.Columbia Journal of Law the Arts, Forthcoming. Evans, A. D., Lee, K. (2013). Lying, morality, and development.Handbook of Moral Development,361, 361-384. Gunter, W. D., DeCamp, W. (2013). File-sharers and Copyright-infringers: Threat Or Menace?. Liebowitz, S. J. (2013). 23. Internet piracy: the estimated impact on sales.Handbook on the Digital Creative Economy, 262. Phau, I., Lim, A., Liang, J., Lwin, M. (2014). Engaging in digital piracy of movies: a theory of planned behaviour approach.Internet Research,24(2), 246-266. Powell, R. (2014).Downloading movies and TV is not a crime.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/digital-life-news/downloading-movies-and-tv-is-not-a-crime-20141126-11uyie Schneider, R. C. (2014). Utilitarian Moral Theory: Parallels between a Sport Organization and Society. Sheng, C. L. (2012).A new approach to utilitarianism: A unified utilitarian theory and its application to distributive justice(Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media.

Religion of the Founding Fathers and the Role of the First Amendment in the Separation of the Church and the State

Unlike the Puritan Fathers, who established the religious freedom in American in 1639, the Founding Fathers were among the pioneers who managed to fix the place of religion in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion of the Founding Fathers and the Role of the First Amendment in the Separation of the Church and the State specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this respect, Lambert writers, â€Å"their bequests were the ideas of separation of church and state and the free exercise of religion extended people to all faith or no faith†1. Therefore, the Founding Fathers can be regarded the initiators of a religious revolution because they were rejecting the idea of establishing official religion, as well as of making it the organizing principle of church-state relations, as it had been accepted in the majority of the American colonies. More importantly, the right of individuals to free choice o f religion was exposed to the First Amendment of the Constitutions, which has become the guiding principle of regulating political and social relations in the country. As a result, a resolute transformation from the Puritan Fathers in 1639, who uphold the religion as a foundation of any society, to the Founding Fathers in 1787, who accepted freedom of religion as an inherent component of any individual, was explained by the shifts in the meaning of freedom, especially the change to concept of religious freedom in the history of the United States. The outlook of the Founding Fathers on religion radically differed from that introduced by the Puritan Fathers. Because they adhered to the ideology of the Enlightenment, they had a strong belief in the people’s ability to understand the most fundamental laws through their reason. Therefore, the true conception of religion was perceived as something that is not controlled by the church or represented in the Bible. Rather, religion wa s an expression of free rational inquiry.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The creators of the U.S. Constitution aimed to protect their idea of religious freedom by defying the connection between state and church. The obvious shift in the place of religious freedom became the central question in 1787 because of the diversity pattern that the Founding Father exercised. The decision to introduce separation between state and religion was largely predetermined by the existing diversity in religious beliefs at the beginning of seventeenth century. In particular, the territories occupied by the British colonists did not belong to common religious systems. The first two colonies transplanted diverse religious beliefs – that of the Church of England settled in the 1607 in Virginia and the Puritanism in New England. Each colony was free to exercise their faith and determine the role of religion in shaping the social and moral foundations of the colonies. More importantly, both Virginia and New England gave their religion official status and introduced tax revenues supporting and protecting the Church from heretics and dissenters2. Because of the suspicion of rivalry on the basis of religious frictions, there was a growing necessity to establish religion in a broader context and provide individuals with the right to choose their own religious affiliation. While establishing religion as individuals’ superior right, much concern is connected with the religious beliefs of the creators of the U.S. Constitution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion of the Founding Fathers and the Role of the First Amendment in the Separation of the Church and the State specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The opinion about the faith that the Founding Fathers uphold can be explained from two perspectiv es. The first one poses Enlightenment as the basic moral foundation whereas the second belief derives from understanding of the American culture and ideology. In fact, there was no monolithic view that each of the first patriots adhered to. Rather, their religious affiliations were as diverse as their political views. For instance, Thomas Jefferson supported the idea of religious freedom was accompanied with his objection to the power of clergy and its influence on human will. Specifically, Jefferson proclaimed, â€Å"†¦nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief, but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3. Benjamin stated that â€Å"there is in all men something like a natural principle which inclines them to devotion or the worship of some unseen power†4. Although the Founder did not mention God in his religious proclamation, his reference to religious was ma de to the existence of the Supreme Being. James Madison was also among the supporters of the Constitution that encouraged the natural principles that guided all individuals in their personal choices. Many of other America’s founders belonged to deism and there were some who practiced neither Christianity nor Deism, including Washington and Adams. Therefore, the obvious religious discrepancies should be eliminated to build a strong and powerful nation with the human rights at the core of morale and social welfare.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The introduction of the First Amendment was a step forward toward the nationalization of individuals’ freedom of exercising various religions. Therefore, the U.S. Constitution encouraged the religious freedom through establishing separation between state and church. Before the adoption, each citizen of the country were required to enter the Church membership, despite their personal attitudes and views on religion. Further debates on the issues led to the ideological struggle between various religious schools and, as a result, American society experienced political and social instability5. Therefore, the adoption of the First Amendment marked the change in perceiving the concept of separation of church and state because it was closely associated with the religious freedom of individuals in the United States. The religious freedom introduced by Thomas Jefferson and the Constitution is often represented through the concept of separation6. In fact, the Constitutional phrase has t riggered the disturbances among the American citizens who understood it as freedom of the religious institutions from the influence of the political and civil power. In a broader context, the religious freedom mentioned in the First Amendment represents â€Å"a freedom from laws instituting, supporting, or otherwise establishing religion†7. Jefferson often referred to this law a wall between church and state government. Hence, separation between church and state was understood as something more than disestablishment of relations between religion and political power. Rather, it was often considered as segregation, a distance of contact between these two institutions. Although, the fact of separation was not proclaimed literarily in the Constitution, this concept has acquired official recognition of the Jefferson’s statement. Specifically, the concept was widely used by Roger Williams in 1802, who gave constitutional significance concerning separation, President Grant in 1878, and Justice Black in 1947, whose opinion in the case made Jefferson’s idea of separation the basis of further development of jurisprudence. Jefferson’s metaphor ‘wall of separation’ was cited in many legal cases to define the exact relations between state and religion. Despite various views on the emergence of the separation between religious and governmental institutions, the actual wall between those appeared. On the one hand, separation could be understood as an attempt of dissenters to focus on the civil rights of individuals irrespective of their religious beliefs. Such an opposition was often perceived as a desire of the dissenters to take control of the ministers. On the other hand, the supporters of religious freedom did not seek to disconnect church and state. In fact, the dissenters advocated their utmost goals to establish equality among the individuals in terms of religious preferences, which should not affect their attitude to political and social views on the government. There is apparent evidence that most of the Founding Fathers criticized the clergy and promulgated the independence of the government from the power and pressure imposed by high social layers of population. They used religious as a powerful tool in controlling people and establishing moral principles that each citizen should observe. Therefore, separation of religion from social institutions was an attempt to liberate people from pressure and protect them from involuntary affiliation to religion. In conclusion, the Founding Fathers belonged to various religious wings and supported various Churches. Because of the diverse patterns and attitudes, they faced serious challenges because religious influenced emergence of conflicts in political sphere. In order to eliminate friction, they considered it reasonable to introduce the concept of religious freedom and change the outlooks on religion as a tool of controlling human consciousness. Introducing th e First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution allowed the America’s founders to establish equality among the individuals and prioritize the human right to choose religion irrespective of their political affiliations. Religion, therefore, has become an inherent right of each individual to choose, which gave rise to the concept of separation of church and state. References Conwa, J. R. (2008) A Look at the First Amendment: Freedom of Speech and Religion. US: Enslow Publishers. Hamburger, P. (2004) Separation of Church and State. US: Harvard University Press. Lambert, F. (2006). The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America. US: Princeton University Press. Mapp, A. J. (2005). The Faith of Our Fathers: What America’s Founders Really Believed. US: Rowman Littlefield. Footnotes 1 F. Lambert (2006). The Founding Fathers and The Place of Religion in America. US: Princeton University Press. pp. 2-3. 2 F. Lambert (2006). The Founding Fathers and The Place of Religion i n America. US: Princeton University Press.18 3 A.J. Mapp (2005). The Faith of Our Fathers: What America’s Founders Really Believed. US: Rowman Littlefield 8. 4 Ibid. 23. 5 J.R. Conway. (2008) A Look at the First Amendment: Freedom of Speech and Religion. US: Enslow Publishers. 47. 6 P. Hamburger. (2004) Separation of Church and State. US: Harvard University Press. p. 2. 7 Ibid. 2. 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The 6 Forgotten Italian Subject Pronouns

The 6 Forgotten Italian Subject Pronouns Often, one of the first Italian language lessons beginners study is Italian subject pronouns (pronomi personali soggetto). Too often, however, theres a whole subset of Italian subject pronouns that is given scant attention, including egli, ella, esso, essa, essi, and esse. Legacy Italian Subject Pronouns Call them legacy subject pronouns or classic subject pronouns, these subject pronouns are still (infrequently) used in Italian. They typically appear only as regionalisms, in formal speech, or in literature. There are three pairs of Italian subject pronouns for the third person singular: egli/ella, lui/lei, esso/essa. The third person plural includes the pair essi/esse and the form loro, which is the same for both masculine and feminine. Egli, Lui, Esso Egli and lui are used with reference to people. Lui, especially in spoken language, can also refer to animals and things. Esso is used for animals and things. Ho parlato con il direttore e egli [but commonly lui] mi ha assicurato il suo interessamento. I spoke with the director and he assured me of his interest. Cercai di trattenere il cavallo ma esso [also lui] proseguà ¬ la corsa. I tried to hold back the horse but he continued on the course. Un importante compito vi à ¨ stato affidato; esso dovr essere eseguito nel miglior modo possibile. An important task was entrusted to you; it must be performed in the best way possible. Ella, Lei, Essa The form ella has already fallen into disuse, especially in spoken language, and is considered literary and formal. Analogous to lui, the form lei also refers to animals and things, especially in spoken language. The form essa (unlike its masculine counterpart) also refers to a person, but it is less commonly used and has a literary or regional character. Avverti tua sorella, forse essa [but commonly lei] non lo sa ancora. Warn your sister, maybe she still doesnt know. Ho cercato di prendere la gattina, ma essa [also lei] à ¨ scappata. I tried to hold the kitten, but she ran away. Essi, Esse The plural forms essi and esse serve to indicate people, animals, and things. Loro is used with reference to people and, especially in spoken Italian, also to refer to animals. Li ho guardati in viso, essi [or loro] abbassarono gli occhi. I looked at them in the face, but they lowered their eyes. Allingresso della villa cerano due cani; essi [or loro] stavano per mordermi. At the entrance to the villa, there were two dogs; they were waiting to bite me. Il Parlamento ha emanato nuove leggi; esse prevedono la modifica dellordinamento giudiziario. Parliament issued new laws; they anticipate the modification of the legal rule. Wherefore Art Thou, Italian Subject Pronouns? The forgotten Italian subject pronouns egli, ella, esso, essa, essi, and esse, similar to the remote past tense (passato remoto), can sometimes seem obsolete, especially since they are often ignored in modern textbooks. A former grammatical rule held that egli was a subject pronoun and lui an object pronoun. But although lui, lei, and loro tend to predominate in colloquial conversation, egli, as well as the other subject pronouns in question, can still be found in literary texts. Similar to the remote past tense, the subject pronouns egli, ella, esso, essa, essi, and esse are still a feature of southern Italian dialects. En Italiano SINGOLARE1a persona: io2a persona: tu3a persona maschile: egli, lui, esso3a persona femminile: ella, lei, essa PLURALE1a persona: noi2a persona: voi3a persona maschile: loro, essi3a persona femminile: loro, esse

Pros and Cons of Planting Mimosa in Your Yard

Pro's and Con's of Planting Mimosa in Your Yard Albizia julibrissin, also called silk tree, was introduced into North America from China where it is a native species. The tree along with its  silk-like flower arrived in North America in 1745 and was rapidly planted  and cultivated for use as an ornamental. Mimosa is still planted as an ornamental because of its fragrant and showy flowers but has escaped into the forest and now considered an invasive exotic.  Mimosas ability to grow and reproduce along roadways and disturbed areas and to establish after escaping from cultivation is a major problem.  Mimosa is considered an exotic invasive tree. The Beautiful  Mimosa Flower and Leaf Silk tree has showy and fragrant pink flowers that are just over an inch long. These lovely pink flowers resemble pompoms, all of which are arranged in panicles at the ends of branches. These beautiful flowers appear in abundance from late April to early July creating a spectacular sight that enhances its popularity. These flowers are the perfect color  pink, they have a pleasant fragrance and are very attractive during  spring and summer flowering. They can also be a mess on property under the tree. The abundant  fern-like leaf also adds a bit of magic and is unlike many, if any, of the North American native trees. These unique leaves make Mimosa popular to use as a terrace or patio tree for its light-filtering effect with dappled shade and a tropical effect. Its deciduous (loses its leaves when dormant) nature allows the sun to warm during cold winters. These leaves are finely divided, 5-8 inches long by about 3-4 inches wide, and alternate along the stems. Growing Mimosa Mimosa grows best in full sun locations and is not peculiar to any particular soil type. It does have a low  tolerance for salt and grows well in acid or alkaline soil. Mimosa is drought tolerant but will have a deeper green color and more lush appearance when given adequate moisture. The tree lives on dry-to-wet sites and tends to spread along stream banks. It prefers open conditions but can persist in the shade. You will seldom find the tree in forests with full canopy cover, or at higher elevations where cold hardiness is a limiting factor.   Why You Should Not Plant Mimosa Mimosa is short lived and very messy. It, in a very short time, shades large areas in the landscape which inhibit  sun-loving shrubs and grasses. Seed pods litter both the tree and the ground, and the tree is considered an invasive species in  North America. The seeds readily germinate and seedlings can cover your lawn and the surrounding area.  The mimosa flower, to be honest, is beautiful but if the tree is shading outside property or over automobiles, you will have a major annual cleaning problem through the flowering season. The wood of mimosa is very brittle and weak and the multiple spreading branches are prone to breakage. This breakage is a major factor in its limited ability to live a long life. In addition to the breakage, the tree attracts webworm and vascular wilt which leads to an early demise. Typically, most of the root system grows from only two or three large-diameter roots originating at the base of the trunk. These can raise walks and patios as they grow in diameter and make for poor transplanting success as the tree grows larger. Redeeming Features Mimosa is a handsome tree with beautiful silk-like flowers.Mimosa is tolerant of drought and alkaline soils.

Using examples, explain the extent to which local planning authorities Essay

Using examples, explain the extent to which local planning authorities can and do meet the requirements for producing locally distinct plans, that satisfy both - Essay Example Market forces determined the use of land and what if anything was built upon it rather than the wishes of local communities and the central government. If landowners found that their land was most profitably used for agricultural purposes then it would remain as agricultural land, if it made the more money being used for residential or retail properties it would serve such purposes.1 The forerunners of local planning authorities began to emerge with the Town and Country Planning Act of 1925, despite the majority of planning decisions usually being left to individual local authorities to be enforced. The usefulness of the early local planning authorities was restricted by the harsher economic conditions that dominated much of the inter-war period. The active use of town and country planning by the equivalent of local planning authorities was thus limited in use except by local authority building council houses.2 Local planning authorities began to come into their own with the expansion of council house construction, local communities wanted more housing and central government decided it also wanted greater levels of social housing nationally. Council housing schemes were not a post-war innovation, as they had originally began in the 1920s. However council house construction due to a shortage of public funds had been restricted. After 1945 the Atlee government sanctioned and funded the building of millions of council houses as a vital component of post-war reconstruction, that also increased the availability of socially provided affordable housing.3 The era of post-war reconstruction was the raison d’Ã ªtre for the largest programmes of publicly funded construction in Britain, and the extensive use of local planning authorities to complete those projects. Unprecedented levels of public expenditure were needed due to the sheer scale of reconstruction required as a consequence of wartime bomb damage. Town planning and local planning authorities were

Student Learning from Preparing and Discussing Two Briefing Papers Essay

Student Learning from Preparing and Discussing Two Briefing Papers - Essay Example The products involved the power generation, transmission, distribution, industrial and building systems, and transportation, while the regions consisted of Asia Pacific, Europe and America (Haberberg and Rieple, 2008). For this reason, Bernavik was recognized for creating a fundamentally different model that could be used to organize and manage a large company. Before Bernavik handed over to Goran Lindahl, in 1997, ABB had continued to achieve spectacular results in which its profits had increased nearly four times, its turnover had doubled, and its return and capital employed had also increased from 12% to 20%, from 1988. However, five years later, after Goran took over the management, ABB started experiencing loses. According to Haberberg and Rieple (2008), the company had a debt of more than $4billion and had suffered a loss of about $691 million within five years: its survival was hanging in the balance. When Bernavik was the CEO, the company purchased about 200 companies, which were successful and formed the basis of global leadership positions. However, the main problem arose after the company decided to purchase an American Industrial boiler manufacture called the Combustion Engineering. As stated by Haberberg and Rieple (2008), after ABB had purchased the company, it was declared that Combustion Engineering insulated its product using asbestos. ... According to Haberberg and Rieple (2008), minimal administration led to lack of standardization of products. The company had four headquarters and about six hundred spreadsheets were being used around the ABB, which made it difficult to share files. In addition, independence of the companies was extremely high. For instance, one factory decided to export transformers to Africa, which was not in its Charter. Moreover, CEO Lindahl contributed highly to the problems ABB was facing. First, he simplified the innovation structure to eight product based divisions, which dissolved the regional dimensions from the matrix. According to Haberberg and Rieple (2008), this caused unnecessary political debate and compromised solutions because the managers concentrated on reconciling the demands of the products and regional bosses. Additionally, Lindahl made a decision to exit the transportation and power generation businesses and closed eleven factories in Europe, which led to loss of about 10,000 jobs. Although this helped the company to make a profit, it affected the expansion and productivity of the company. In addition, other CEO’s who came after Lindahl did not do much to promote the growth of the ABB. For instance, Jurgen Dormann did not know much about the company and the problems it was experiencing by the time he was appointed the CEO. He set up pension funds for the former CEO’s Bernavik and Lindahl of $51 and $81 respectively, which affected the financial status of the company. According to Douglas and Wind (2010:568), success can only be obtained by developing marketing strategies and products that match the specific characteristics of the international markets. Adopting a uniform

The House of the Scorpion Essay Example for Free

The House of the Scorpion Essay We all grow up at some point in our lives, but when you are forced to make mature decisions before they have all the necessary skills can make your childhood unpleasant as well as difficult. Matteo Alacran, a boy from the nation of Opium, was not brought into this world like the rest of us he was placed inside the womb of a cow, where he grew, until being cut out. This changed the way many people would look at him in his life. He was a clone to many until his world was turned upside down by â€Å"himself†. Growing up isn’t as easy as it sounds, when most people consider you to be a monster, however those people who see the true inner qualities of a person are the ones we should call friend. Matt was raised in the middle of a poppy field, where he learned basic skills such as reading writing and talking. He was raised by his caregiver Celia; she loved him like he was her own. He left home with the Alacran children, this is where he would be outcast and imprisoned before he could say hello. His only friend was Maria, because she was the only one who would talk to him even if he couldn’t talk back. â€Å"Matt was afraid of Steven and Emilia, but Maria was different. She was his size and didn’t make him feel bad† (32). They would learn each other’s ways and Maria would be the only one to give him essential care to grow. Marias companionship leads to Matt regaining his ability to talk. But not before he meets El Patron, an old man with many secrets. His life is now spent in a wheel chair with two body guards, Tam Lin and Daft Donald, to look after his wellbeing. Tam Lin is now Matt’s companion he takes him on adventures to the far-off land, one of which leading to the discovery of eejits. These are brain implanted, walking zombies so to say, who are programed to have no feelings, show no emotion, and/or work till exhaustion. â€Å"‘The man is dead. Heat or lack of water killed him. The cleanup crews at the end of the day will find him’† (78). Learning about troubles that you will face in the real world is a key part of growing, if you don’t know what’s out there you’re bound to get hurt or even killed.

The Immigration of Jewish people in USSR Essay -- Politics, Mikhail G

ITRODUCTION The Immigration of Jewish people in USSR under Mikhail Gorbachev administration is generally considered as a response to huge demand of Jews who desperately wanted to leave Soviet Union, and a state policy towards ethnic minority issues. Historically speaking, anti Semitism was rooted for centuries in Russia. Jews had been prosecuting since Czarist Russia, and most recently the prosecution reached peak under Stalin administration. People would think that it was the long existing hostile atmosphere towards Jewish people that primarily led their migration out of USSR. Yet it is a more complicated picture. When Gorbachev came to power as the secretary of general of the Party in 1985, Soviet immigration policy was, to significant extent, adjusted based on Soviet bleak economic conditions and diplomatic relationships with United States and Israel. The transition was not merely a compromise under the pressure of Western powers but also an attempt to reverse economic deterioration such as high unemployment. In the thesis, I shall discuss the outstanding reasons that behind immigration policy transition under Gorbachev administration as well as the consequences and implications. PART I: the Reasons The immigration transition made by Gorbachev administration could be divided into two periods. The first period is from 1985 to 1986, when Gorbachev initiated radical reform known as perestroika, which literally means reconstruction. The stagnating Soviet economy and chilling relationship with the US led him to adopt the concept of glasnost and â€Å"New Thinking†, which can be translated as a series of promotions of openness and liberty in public affairs and flexibility in foreign policies. The decree of Council of Ministers... ...s to migrate to Israel, since costs of accommodation in Israel was much lower than that in America. Despite all that negative consequences, Soviet Jews still brought bright outlook worldwide. From economic perspective, Soviet Jews migrated from Soviet Union where workers were low productive to countries where worker were more productive. Thus, Jewish migration increased production efficiency and living standards on the global scale, as well as individual level of their own. One example would be Jewish immigrants in Israel and United States, where their contributions to economic and social developments exceeded negative impacts like ethnic conflicts and welfare pressure. More importantly, on humanity base, the transition enabled Jews to pursue prosperity and liberty, as well as to fulfill their desires in culture, religion, and politics in the new promising lands.

500 Word Essay Essay

What a thing of beauty is the well-written 500-word essay. In some ways, it is the perfect length to express a certain level of knowledge about a particular subject. It is long enough to allow the writer to show familiarity, and possibly expertise, regarding her chosen topic. But it is not a length that requires copious amounts of research. When sufficiently motivated, one can manage to research, write, and revise such an essay in an hour or two, given enough practice. Given the fact that students will write dozens, if not hundreds, of essays in their high school and college careers, it can be advantageous to become familiar with the mechanics, tools, and resources associated with essay writing. The mechanics of a paper include such elements as accurate spelling, correct grammar, and proper formatting. The conscientious writer does not simply rely on spell check to make sure his paper does not contain misspellings. A thorough proofreading will catch mistakes that spell check misses. For instance, spell check might not know the difference between homophones such as â€Å"there,† â€Å"their,† and â€Å"they’re. † A careful review by the writer (or a friend) should catch these errors. Using correct grammar in all its forms – the parts of speech, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation – can ensure that brilliant writing is not overshadowed by careless or sloppy mechanics (Writing Mechanics). The â€Å"look† of the paper is important as well. High school teachers and college professors alike appreciate readable papers with a consistent appearance. This means using the Times New Roman font, size 12, and double-spacing the body of the essay. The title should also be a size 12 font, center justified, with the first word, the last word, and other important words all capitalized. The default margin settings of one inch at the top, bottom, left, and right, give the paper a professional look. While having a crisp, clean look is valuable, the substance of the paper is of the greatest importance. Supplementing one’s own personal knowledge with well-researched material is the key to a terrific essay. A 500-word essay is not going to require as much research as a six- or ten-page paper. The individual assignment and the topic will determine where to seek out information. But once the research is done, the bibliography (or Works Cited list) can be assembled quite easily using EasyBib (EasyBib). What used to be quite a laborious task – putting sources in the correct MLA format, then alphabetizing them all – is now a fairly automatic process using this handy website. Some students are intimidated when given a writing assignment. Hopefully, the hints given in this essay will make it easier for students to get started on their own essays. Becoming fairly automatic about formatting a paper prevents too much time from being wasted â€Å"reinventing the wheel. † Using viable, trustworthy websites and resources for research will help writers supplement their own knowledge. Knowing how to organize these resources into a coherent bibliography will cap off the paper quite nicely. Using these â€Å"tricks of the trade† should help students concentrate on the composition of their papers, and not obsess on the minutiae.

Theory Matrix

Many of his 14 points are process-driven, such as breaking down barriers between departments will lead to a reduction of waste, errors, and delay. His idea on constantly improving the system of production and service is customer-driven because it focuses on providing the best possible products to customers. Toyota Curran Focuses on parts of the organization, not whole. He also defined quality as â€Å"fitness for use†, and developed concept of cost of quality.Three basic steps to progress Ten steps to quality improvement The Curran Trilogy Saran's Praetor Principle Curran was an engineer and he firmly believed that quality does not happen accidentally, therefore all of his theories are process driven – organizations deed to determine who its customers are and plan for quality through every step of the process. Quality planning is the first stage of his trilogy and is basically aligning an organization's products and processes with customers' needs.Bausch & Lomb Chickasa ws He focused on user friendly quality control and emphasized the internal customer. Cause and effect diagram (fishbone diagram) Quality circles He emphasized on the internal customer, meaning that during each step in the creation of a product or service, the department will need to treat the ext department as a â€Å"customer†, so that quality is controlled at every step. This is how Jigsaw's method is process-driven because every process is tightly connected to the next.His quality requirement is customer-driven because he pushed for the concept of company wide quality control that called for continued customer service. He believe that management should not merely focus on improving a product's quality, and insisted that quality improvement can always go one step further. Nippon Telephone & Telegraph used quality circles. Crosby He coined the phrase â€Å"quality is free† and introduced the concept of zero defects. He also believed in team building approach that is o rganization wide.Four absolutes of quality management Idea of zero defects He believes in the process of educating the entire workforce about quality principles, so when each failure is well-documented, management can institute formal programs to redesign faulty production processes. His view of how quality is not some vague concept of â€Å"goodness†; you can't have quality that is good enough, he wants zero defect and it's customer driven because e said specifications must be set according to customer needs and wants. Glenn L. Martin Company (1912-1961) Figment He introduced the concept of total quality control, which has 40 steps.He promoted the idea of a work environment in which both management and employees have a total commitment to improve quality, and people learn from each others successes. Total quality control in 40 steps (also termed â€Å"company-wide quality control†), which was later known as Total Quality Management. It is process driven because he bel ieved that quality must be actively managed and have the usability at the highest levels of management, therefore, it is important that each employee does his part correctly so the whole process is correct, and quality might become nobody job.

Time Heals All Wounds Essays

Time Heals All Wounds Essays Time Heals All Wounds Paper Time Heals All Wounds Paper Experiencing the loss of a loved one can make you feel empty inside, with an incomplete feeling that the world will never be the same again, and nothing will heal your pain. This loss could be someone who has passed away or someone who has become absent from your life. Either way people cope with loss or change in many different ways and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† or â€Å"Some Memories of My Father† are two prime examples. These essays remind us what it feels like to have someone you love depart from your life . The feeling of losing someone you love no matter the situation can make you feel discombobulated, eccentric, saddened, confused, and filled with unanswered questions or vague thoughts and memories. Furthermore, both stories focus on with how dealing with loss or change sometimes causes psychotic thoughts and actions and many other psychological issues that can affect everyone around you. Together these stories symbolize the social changes in our society and community and the radical changes to tradition. These stories are given from the narrators view point and we receive their opinions and feelings about not only the main characters but the events that are happening in their community. In Faulkner’s, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the story has a very gothic and grim setting to it. The narrator describes how this particular town has a moody and forbidding atmosphere; a crumbling old mansion; and decay, putrefaction, and grotesquerie. Faulkner’s work uses the gripping elements to highlight an individual’s struggle against an oppressive society that is undergoing rapid change. A prime example the narrator express is, â€Å"Only Miss Emily’s house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores. † (Section 1. 2) It is obvious that the narrator does not approve of Miss Emily’s surrounding area. It is quite possible the narrator is dissatisfied with everyone in the town, perhaps this particular period in American history. The second paragraph of the first section the story gives clues we need to find out what the story is saying about America. The story shows how difficult it was for southern people to deal with the new America (post slavery) represented by the Emancipation Proclamation. In comparison, the short story â€Å"Some Memories of My Father†, is more modern day and have a hint of familiarity and nostalgia we all have witnessed and/or experience in our community one way or the other. Like many children who are abandoned by a loved one they tend to create memories or moments. When his father disappears along with several other men from their blue-collar Detroit neighborhood, sixteen-year-old Michael Smolij witnesses the effects of large-scale abandonment on the communitys wives and mothers. Our society more now than ever perhaps have seen a rapid decline of fathers in the household and many women left to be both mother and father to their children. The writer, Bakopoulos shares his experience with the loss of his father and what type of impact it made on his community. In the story, the writer lets us know that things in the community have changed and he not only missed his father but the way things used to be. â€Å"Yes, it’s true that I miss my father, but in a larger sense, I missed all the fathers. † (Need section from the story) He describes the things he saw as he drove past. ‘Neighborhoods like this could have been a million miles away from us. † This short excerpt of the actual book allows the reader know that there is a mass epidemic of fathers exiting the home which leaves a lot of heartache and pain and many unanswered questions such as why? Which is almost the same feeling one experiences one a loved one passes away. Was it the tough labor of working that caused this, mental illness from war, lack of a role model in the home for them, or some under lying child hood demons caused these men to abandoned their responsibilities? This is still a question we are asking today in 2013. Well whatever it is, it made the writer say, â€Å"Now the only thing that remains: When I was sixteen, my father went to the moon. † (Need section from the story) Secondly, it is adequate to say that both stories have similar literary styles. Both uses flashback and foreshadowing. You can also contrast the different styles as well. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the story is not in conventional order and chronologically complex. Emily’s life is portrayed through a series flashbacks starting with a scene from her funeral. From there the story is told over a course of many decades which also intertwines with the first point that was made which was the changes that were happening in society and in the community. The foreshadowing in this story is very important and ties in very closely with the complexity of the chronological order of events that take place. Because there are so much back and forth unchronological methods presented in this story there is not proper description of the sequence of events that allows the reader to know what ever happened to Homer or her refusal to let her father be buried? We know about odor, poison, and disappearance. It is up to the reader to figure out Emily buys poison, Homer disappears, and there is a mysterious odor. I believe Faulkner wanted this to be as less obvious as possible in order to have the reader truly understand the complexity of the characters and this period in history. In the second story, â€Å"Some Memories of My Father†, the flashbacks are definitely in chronological in order. In fact, the author is describing to the reader moments he had written down in his notebook. He goes to stay, â€Å"I listed a few memories I had in a notebook, afraid they might leave me†. From age three to sixteen he describes an expert from his childhood and a memory he had of his father. To the reader, the foreshadowing may seem very obvious because each year it seems things with his father seemed to get more disturbing but when he reached at sixteen and the story ends with â€Å"Now the only thing remains: When I was sixteen, my father went to the moon. † This leaves the reader stunned and confused and open to interpret the statement in many ways. Some may assume he died or an insane asylum. The writer leaves you at the edge of the cliff and open to believe whatever you want because all along he is trying to hold on to the few memories he have even if his father was just a vague piece of it. In summary, both stories have many similarities and differences that can be compared and contrasted. I think the most obvious conclusions from both stories is that although losing a loved is very difficult time does heal all wounds? Also, both stories are about the impossible things we believe because the truth may simply be too hard to deal with. We saw this first hand from Emily and have difficulty the excepting the loss of her father and with Michael in excepting his father is ill and not coming back as he is â€Å"gone to the moon†. Both characters have gone through major changes in our society and dealt with them in their own form and fashion. John F. Kennedy once said, â€Å"Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future. † (Kennedy, 1963)

History of the 1948 Olympic Games in London

History of the 1948 Olympic Games in London Since the Olympic Games had not been held in either 1940 or 1944 because of World War II, there was much debate as to whether or not to hold the 1948 Olympic Games at all. Ultimately, the 1948 Olympic Games (also known as the XIV Olympiad) were held, with a few post-war modifications, from July 28 to August 14, 1948. These Austerity Games turned out to be very popular and a great success.   Fast Facts Official Who Opened the Games:  British King George VIPerson Who Lit the Olympic Flame:  British runner  John MarkNumber of Athletes:  4,104 (390 women, 3,714 men)Number of Countries:  59 countriesNumber of Events:  136 Post-War Modifications When it was announced that  the Olympic Games would be resumed, many debated whether it was wise to have a festival when many European countries were in ruins and the people near starvation. To limit the United Kingdoms responsibility to feed all the athletes, it was agreed that the participants would bring their own food. Surplus food was donated to British hospitals. No new facilities were built for these Games, but the Wembley Stadium had survived the war and proved adequate. No Olympic Village was erected; the male athletes were housed at an army camp in Uxbridge and the women housed at Southlands College in dormitories. Missing Countries Germany and Japan, the aggressors of World War II, were not invited to participate. The Soviet Union, although invited, also did not attend. Two New Items The 1948 Olympics saw the introduction of blocks, which are used to help start runners in sprint races. Also new was the very first, Olympic, indoor pool Empire Pool. Amazing Stories Badmouthed because of her older age (she was 30) and because she was a mother (of two young children), Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen was determined to win a gold medal. She had participated in the 1936 Olympics, but the cancellation of the 1940 and 1944 Olympics meant that she had to wait 12 more years to get another shot at winning.  Blankers-Koen, often called the Flying Housewife or the Flying Dutchman, showed them all when she took home  four  gold medals, the first woman to do so. On the other side of the age-spectrum was 17-year-old Bob Mathias. When his high school coach had suggested he try out for the Olympics in the decathlon, Mathias didnt even know what that event was. Four months after starting training for it, Mathias won gold at the 1948 Olympics, becoming the youngest person to win a mens athletics event. (As of 2015, Mathias still holds that title.) One Major Snafu There was one major snafu at the Games. Though the United States had won the 400-meter relay by a full 18 feet, a judge ruled that one of the U.S. team members had passed the baton outside of the passing zone. Thus, the U.S. team was disqualified. The medals were handed out, the national anthems were played. The United States officially protested the ruling and after careful review of the films and photographs taken of the baton pass, the judges decided that the pass had been completely legal; thus the United States team was the real winner. The British team had to give up their gold medals and received silver medals (which had been given up by the Italian team). The Italian team then received the bronze medals which had been given up by the Hungarian team.

Role of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Current Banking Crisis Essay

Role of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Current Banking Crisis - Essay Example Innovation and entrepreneurship have played a significant role in the current banking crisis. Innovation is a change in product, service or the method of production and marketing, with the aim of improving competitiveness of a business in the market. It can be done continuously in the production process, involving introducing minor changes in the product so as to ensure the business is always ahead of other competitors in the market. (Feldman, 2001:21-24). Entrepreneurship on the other hand is the process of undertaking the risk of obtaining goods and services at a particular cost and selling them at predicted prices. It is the process of combining many factors of production in the creation of new enterprises. Innovation and entrepreneurship are very important for human existence. They have made humans to advance to the current state whereby life has been made easier and essential commodities have been made available. Technological advancements through innovation assist in production of goods and services in a more effective and well-organized manner. Innovations in communic ation and information technology have made the world to be a global village, making international business a haven for entrepreneurs. The research process involved collection of theories and concepts in entrepreneurship and innovation from various academic materials such as books, journals, online articles and magazines. The information was carefully analyzed and its relevance to entrepreneurship and innovation assessed. A critique of different approaches in entrepreneurship and innovation provided definition, importance of entrepreneurship and innovation in general as well as the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in oligopolies. Conclusions were drawn from the results of the analysis of the information gathered. Â  

Leadership and management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Leadership and management - Essay Example For the purpose of analysis, the leadership and management style of TESCO Plc will be critically reviewed in the light of role of leadership in management, the difference between leadership and management, theories and practices of management related to TESCO Plc. TESCO Plc is a multinational superstore in food retailing industry operating in more than 12 countries across world. Strong leadership and management have driven the company to operate successfully in the UK as well as in Europe, Asia and North American Market since 1919 (TESCO Plc, 2014). The nature and style of leadership pursued by TESCO Plc will be discussed below. As a result of operating since 1919 in the UK market, TESCO Plc has encountered various transformational and structural changes from time to time. Such changes largely affects the organizational framework; therefore effective leadership is defined when the leads become successful in efficiently managing resistance to change among all the employees (Grieves, 2010). With the skill and knowledge gained from long experience of working in corporate environment, leaders always tend to formulate strategies and bring required changes in align with the economic condition and industry position. The leaders also identify the potential barriers which may arise in the time of incorporating change process and take initiatives to address such issues well in advance. Experts have recognized certain traits which are inevitable for a leader to manage and control organizational changes. Those traits are attributed in the tabular format. Role of leadership also changes in the various stages of change process. For instance, logical influence is required to be implemented on employees in the planning stage of change process whereas in the introduction and maintenance phase, supportive leadership style should be exercised for minimizing resistance to

Revolutionary War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Revolutionary War - Essay Example Many of these tribes remained neutral. For centuries the tribes were dominated by the land-hungry colonists, and these tribes feared that the war would bring back the colonists in place of the British. Hence, there were those tribes, the loyalists, who fought on the side of the British, and battled against the colonists on their own. The patriots considered the Indians as a threat during the war. The Patriots identified the Native Americans as savages which only proved their extreme dislike for the tribes. The American Revolutionary War was in many ways a civil war. This can be said because most of the land oriented wars were fought within the United States. Secondly, loyalists who proved their allegiance to the British crown formed 20 to 30 percent of the population. The loyalist groups in many places openly battled against the patriots.1 It is believed that the neutrals formed the largest group. Since a large number of Americans remained in a dilemma whether or not to support the B ritish crown, the war became a battleground to win the confidence of the wider population. If the Patriots with their propaganda agenda could manage to divert the public psychology towards revolution, then it would be an utter failure for the British. After that, the British would lose the allegiance of the common people even if they could gain military victory. Therefore, the British understood the need to garner support from the American public. Many colonists had threefold reasons to support the British – some supported the British in anticipation of military victory, some joined the British side merely out of loyalty, while there were farmers who sold their lands to the British for profit. The loyalists spread misinformation about the patriots, infiltrated within the patriots. The loyalists persistently planted seeds of discord within the wider population. However, in the long run the patriots managed to garner more public support with their war of propaganda. The patriot s felt threatened by the loyalists on the home front and so did everything to weaken their strength by arresting them, seizing and burning their property. They subjugated the loyalists by using violence on them.2 Eventually, many of the loyalists left the American soil to settle in Canada, Florida, West Indies or Britain. An estimated 100,000 loyalists left America and they were branded as traitors. The public wrath against the loyalists declined in the 1790s and they could again reenter the American mainstream society. Violence against them ceased, although laws against them remained unchanged till the War of 1812.3 The British faced many military limitations to retain the loyalist’s support like they could not use harsh measures to suppress rebellions. This was an advantage for the patriots, although many neutral colonists were forced to join the ranks of the Revolutionaries. II. What role did women and Native Americans play in the Revolution? The American Revolutionary War was essentially a colonial war fought between the British and the colonists. Between 1772 and 1774 when the tension was at peak, many public figures convinced the ordinary citizens to participate in the war against British oppression. Through the means of propaganda the citizens were provoked against the British

Enterprise Resource Planning System for Insurance Sector

Enterprise Resource Planning System for Insurance Sector The Indian Insurance industry is a flourishing one which has several national and international players who compete for excellence. With several reforms and policy regulations, the Indian insurance sector has witnessed tremendous growth in the recent past. India having around 17% of the worlds population is a largely untapped market. Nearly 80% of the Indian population being without a life, health and non life insurance, a growing number of insurance companies are now emerging in the Indian insurance sector. With the opening up of the economy, several international leaders in the insurance sector are trying to venture into the India insurance industry. The growth in the insurance industry directly impacts the reinsurance industry. Reinsurance providers are basically companies that provide insurance cover to insurance companies so as to cover their risk. With the growth in the amount of insurance products sold by the insurance companies their risk component goes on increasing. So as to cover this risk, companies resort to reinsurance. Thus the reinsurance market is all growing at a rapid pace. The growth of the Reinsurance industry in India is coupled with a number of challenges. Challenges faced by the reinsurance industry include shrinking margins, increasing competition etc. In order to meet the challenges, reinsurance companies across the globe have begun leveraging heavily on their information and communication technologies. Reinsurance firms are using enterprise management solutions to increase productivity, save on expenses, to obtain higher customer satisfaction, thereby resulting into customer retention and to improve sales performance. General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC Re) is the sole reinsurance company in the domestic reinsurance market in India with more than three decades of experience in the Re-Insurance business. GIC is headquartered in Mumbai. In India, GIC provide reinsurance to the direct insurance company as it is the sole reinsurer in the market of domestic reinsurance. It is one of the leaders in the facultative placements and domestic companies treaty programmes. OBJECTIVES FOR ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEM The key objectives for initiating ERP implementation were as follows: So as to retain leadership position in the national (Indian) reinsurance market. The intention of emerging as the leader of reinsurance in the Afro Asian markets. To obtain an integrated view of all business transactions. MAJOR BUSINESS CHALLENGES FACED BY GIC RE Customer-Centricity The change in focus of the organization to being customer-centricity created a number of issues for the company. It became important to have optimal knowledge of all the customer segments. Customized products and services were required to designed to meet the needs of each of the identified customer segments. It became important to adopt cross selling of products and services as an important growth strategy. It also became important to provide any time and any place reachability to the customers. Competition The growing number of players in the market created an environment of intense competition In order to sustain such levels of competition it became imperative for the company to adopt new strategies and identify means of securing a competitive advantage over its competitors. Globalization Expansion of company operations across multiple geographical locations also made it necessary for GIC Re to identify means of effective monitoring and control. Expansion also increased the level of competition by adding new competitors from the new geographical locations. Product Commoditization The increase in competition was impacting the companys profit margins. It became absolutely necessary for the company to distinguish its brand from competitors. Lower customer loyalty and increasing price sensitivity were also measure threats to GIC Re. Consolidation It was important to bring about a consolidation across the organization so as to deliver a clear value to its customers. Compliance Expansion of operations across multiple geographical locations made its imperative to comply with multi-national regulations. MAJOR IT CHALLENGES FACED BY GIC RE Data Quality Data maintained by the organization was fragmented by the line of business, the branches, the different geographical locations etc. It was important to consolidate this data and provide high quality of product and operations related data. Process Integration It was important to standardize and streamline cross functional processes and develop and integrated workflow. The company was suffering from value leakage due to non integration of systems. Legacy IT Systems The legacy system used by the company did not reflect the change in focus from being a contract centric to customer centric insurance provider. Reduction of Operation Complexity The company used a number of applications to manage the daily activities. As a result, a number of interfaces had to be monitored and managed which proved to be very difficult. It thus became important to reduce the number of interfaces and bring about standardization across the interfaces. EXPECTATIONS FROM ERP Reduction in overall cost through improved efficiency and increased productivity Drive business innovation To a give a competitive advantage to the company over its competitors Driver for business growth Improve overall customer experience and satisfaction Ensure regulatory compliance Support global operations Create new revenue streams for the company Ensure growth of existing revenue streams CHOICE OF SAP The major factors contributing to the choice of SAP are as follows: Integrated Enterprise platform for transacting GICs business The company required a platform that would integrate all the processes and procedures across the enterprise. The system was required to standardize all processes and streamline set of processes across the organization rather than streamlining large number of procedures. The company expected the have an enterprise wide visibility of business operations. SAP Reinsurance solution being used by Global Industry leaders Munich Re and Hannover Re One of the major contributing factors to choosing SAP was the companys biggest competitor and the global industry leader Munich Re and Hannover Re had implement SAP Reinsurance system. Adoption of the global best practices By 2005, SAP Insurance had almost all insurance service providers running it. SAP had in the past implemented both the insurance and reinsurance packages for multiple clients. This enabled SAP to gain an understanding of the global best practices in the prevalent in the industry. GIC Re hoped to reap the benefits of this knowledge in their own implement of SAP Reinsurance. Most companies who had previously implemented ERP had strong positive experience with SAP for their insurance portfolio ERP IMPLEMENTATION START DATE Early 2005 ERP GO LIVE DATE February 2006 SAP VERSION SAP R/3 Version 4.7 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE Offices in India, London and Dubai SAP MODULES IMPLEMENTED SAP FS-RI Reinsurance SAP FS-RI is an insurance solution that enables reinsurance firms, direct insurers and brokers to achieve a reinsurance process that is completely integrated and streamlined. SAP FS-CD Collections / Disbursements SAP FS-CD is a solution designed for insurance service providers to standardize and streamline their billing and disbursement activities for their policyholders and agency holders. SAP IM-IC (CFM) Investment Management SAP IM-IC (CFM) module provides useful tools for reporting of WBS which are in progress, PO commitments and assets that have been capitalized. SAP FI-CO Finance The SAP FI-CO module can be viewed as the core of the integrated SAP system as it deals with the monetary impacts on business and other modules of SAP. SAP HR Human Resources SAP HR is the largest module implemented It deals with the management of human resources and human capital SAP BIW Business Intelligence SAP BIW is the business intelligence module that provides analytical, reporting and data warehousing solution IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES First SAP Reinsurance (FS-RI) implementation outside Europe. First SAP FS-CD Implementation in India. First SAP IM-IC implementation in India in an Insurance/Reinsurance environment. One of the few Active Reinsurers in the world using SAP FS-RI Legacy data Migration Customisation of Reinsurance Module (FS-RI) Risk Manager in FS-RI (Facultative Business) had not yet been implemented even in Europe IMPLEMENTATION HIGHLIGHTS Opportunity to critically re-look the companys business processes and practices and incorporate changes wherever required. Elimination of data inconsistency by correcting, validating and cleansing legacy data. Opportunity to streamline the organisation by adopting the global best practices in the industry BUSINESS BENEFITS Tight integration between underwriting and technical Accounting processes thereby providing better business focus. Integrated processes eliminating almost all redundancies and inter-departmental reconciliations. Increased automation reduced manual intervention and improved data quality. Improved reserving process (tracking the development of outstanding loss reserves). FINANCIAL STRATEGIC BENEFITS SAP allowed visibility of all assets Standardized evaluation of all assets were achieved Daily updates to the investment portfolio enable the company to achieve integrated investment management Effective real time risk analysis TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP 95 % of the companys requirements were met by th standard solution offered by SAP and minimal customization was required OPERATIONAL BENEFITS The operation benefits as evaluated by the company after two years of implementation are as follows: KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI) IMPACT Time to measure performance -70% Time to plan for new projects and activities -30% Time to performance market risk analysis -80% Efforts to map sources of risk -80% Reporting Flexibility +90% Quality of Reports +80% Quality of Portfolio evaluation +90% Quality of transaction mapping +90% FUTURE PLANS Up gradation from SAP R/3 Version 4.7 to SAP ECC 6.0 platform Connecting offices in Moscow, Malaysia and South Africa to the upgraded ERP network General Insurance Corporation of India has derived significant benefits from implementation of SAP Reinsurance. From this case it is evident that SAP has the potential of being a measure source of improved efficiency and competitive advantage for insurance service providers. APPENDIX [1] Monitor Performance: Executive Dashboard [2] CEO Dashboard [3] Sales Dashboard

Naturalistic Observation Report Essay -- Childhood Observation Essays

Naturalistic observation is a way of observing applicants in their own natural environment without the contestants realizing the observers are present. My observation took me to different places and settings to complete my assignment where I observed the subjects’ reactions and further relate it with concepts of psychology. This assignment is going to look into the observation at different settings by watching people as they go about their normal activities in their own habitats, and will briefly describe the concepts of superego, egocentrism, operant conditioning, pretend play, and lack of conservation. These concepts are common between the ages 4-6 years of age. The paper will also analyze the interactions using a reflective approach on the psychology of young children. The concept of superego plays an active role in our daily lives. Freud’s interpretation of superego is most simply understood in the natural observation when observing the participants in the school setting, where a boy around 5-6 years of age playing around with bunch of kids saw the $20 bill lying on the playground with no one around it. He took the money and turned it into the school office in case anyone came looking for it. He wouldn’t want to lose $20, and hoped that whoever had lost it would ask about it in the office which leads me to believe that the child may have an overly strong superego because of the fact that â€Å"Once the superego emerges, children have a parental voice in their head that keeps them from violating society’s rules and make them guilty or ashamed if they do† (Sigelman & Rider, 2012, p. 49). According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the superego is the factor of personality composed of our internalized ideal s that w... ...rst step in a research program. In my observation, I studied different concepts of psychology that are critical in influencing a child development and understands different human behavior as they take place in a daily setting. This gave me an opportunity to notice the participant’s natural behavior, which reduces minimizes biases in my observation and also can be further used as a rich source of hypotheses. As one investigator commented, "The major strength of naturalistic observation is that it allows researchers to study behavior under conditions that are less artificial than in experiments† (Weiten, 2008, p. 347). Works Cited Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2011). Human development across the life-span (7th ed.). Belmont Calif: Wadsworth. Weiten, W. (2010). Psychology: Themes & variations (8th ed.). Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.

Acknowledging Sources Essay

For this entry created by the student, the student apparently misunderstood the source materials since although the source mentioned the roughness of the sport, the article that was used by the student as the primary source material did not directly state nor imply that the spectators are included in the roughness that occurs in hockey.   Also the student assumed that since the article mentioned that there were â€Å"built-in cooling-off periods† and â€Å"higher emotional temperature than [†¦] baseball or [†¦] football† (qtd. in McGrath 9), there was no cooling-off instances in the game of hockey (Spatt 475). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have the source ideas been acknowledged with sufficient and accurate documentation, according to MLA style?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The source ideas in this student’s essay were not sufficiently and accurately documented based on the MLA style.   This is evident in the lack of an in-text citation at the end of the paragraph of the student’s essay and thus committed an act of plagiarism.   According to Spatt, even if the writer may have used his or her own words in order to construct the paragraph, the ideas used by the student were that of McGrath (Spatt 475).   Without the ideas provided by McGrath in his article, the student would not have been able to create the said essay paragraph.   As such, credit and acknowledgement must be given to McGrath for his insights regarding the game of hockey (458-59). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have quotations from the source been indicated with quotation marks?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The student borrowed the term â€Å"cooling-off periods† (qtd. in McGrath 9) from the article that was used by the student from the source material without the use of quotation marks.   This was the second error of the student that could cause the essay work be classified as a plagiarized essay.   Not only did the student not acknowledge the source where the ideas for the essay were derived from, but also the student failed to acknowledge the exact wording used by the author of the source used by the student through the use of quotation marks (Spatt 459). Student Essay B 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Has the source been misquoted or misunderstood?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The student had misunderstood the context of the essay presented by McGrath in his article (Spatt 475).   Based on the essay that was constructed by the student, the reader of the essay would assume that the passionate emotional outbursts observed during hockey games were crucial in each hockey game (Spatt 475). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have the source ideas been acknowledged with sufficient and accurate documentation, according to MLA style?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the student acknowledged the author of the article from where the ideas for the essay were derived from, the student may have overdid the documentation.   Since the student already specified the name of the author whose ideas were used in the essay, the student did not need to use the name of the author in the in-text citation at the end of the paragraph.   The specification of the page number at the end of the essay paragraph would have sufficed (Spatt 469). Also, the student placed the in-text citation after a period ending the essay.   In creating in-text citation, this should be placed before the period except in instances when the parenthetical citation is located at the end of an indented quotation.   It is only when indented quotations are included in the essay where the end of the indented quotation should be ended first with a period and then the parenthetical citation is placed after the period.   This is because there are no quotation marks that would state the end of the indented quotation that was inserted in the essay (Spatt 469). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have quotations from the source been indicated with quotation marks?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As with the first essay, the student borrowed the exact wording from the article used as the source material for the essay.   In this case, the student failed to put the words â€Å"cult of toughness† (qtd. in McGrath 9) in quotation marks.   Although the student did include an in-text citation in the essay, according to Spatt, there are two things that the student must remember to prevent plagiarism.   The first is that the source of the ideas should be acknowledged in the form of in-text or parenthetical citations.   The second is that if the student or the writer would opt to use the exact words used by the author in the resource material, the student should also place these in quotation marks (459). Student Essay C 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Has the source been misquoted or misunderstood?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The student who created this essay did not misquote or send another meaning to the readers of his or her work apart from what the author of the resource material was trying to imply which was that although hockey was considered a rough sport, the roughness associated with this is embedded in the game similar to that of a ritual (Spatt 475-76). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have the source ideas been acknowledged with sufficient and accurate documentation, according to MLA style?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The student properly acknowledged the author and the main source from where he or she derived the ideas for the essay from.   Since the student already mentioned the name of the author of the article in the paragraph, the student only included the page number from where the article was located.   The student also stated the page number where the article was located before the period ending the sentence of the paragraph which is the correct placing for the parenthetical citation (Spatt 458-59). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have quotations from the source been indicated with quotation marks?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The student had accurately indicated various terms that he or she had used in the essay he or she constructed with the use of quotation marks in order to establish to his or her readers that the student is acknowledging not just the source where the ideas where taken from, but also acknowledging that some of the vocabulary and terminologies that the student used in the essay where also the terminologies and vocabulary that were derived from the article as well (Spatt 459). Student Essay D 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Has the source been misquoted or misunderstood?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The student who created this last essay was accurate in delivering the same idea that McGrath had (qtd. in Spatt 475) intended his article to relay to his readers. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have the source ideas been acknowledged with sufficient and accurate documentation, according to MLA style?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although the student had acknowledged the source materials used for the essay using a parenthetical citation, the style that was used by the student for the in-text citation was incorrect.   The format to be used for using an in-text or parenthetical citation for the MLA style is to specify the last name of the author followed by the page number inside the parenthesis.   The last name of the author should not be separated from the page number using a comma.   Also, the page number should not be preceded by the letter â€Å"p† (Spatt 466-67). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have quotations from the source been indicated with quotation marks?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The student had specified quotations from the source with quotation marks.   However, there was only ones that needed to be placed in quotation marks which were the phrases â€Å"fistfights to routinely break out† (qtd. in Spatt 475) and â€Å"cult of toughness† (qtd. in Spatt 475) since these were direct quotations from the article written by McGrath.   The phrase â€Å"burn at a high emotional level† (Spatt 476) was a paraphrase done by the student from the original text from the article which was written as â€Å"burn at a much higher emotional temperature† (qtd. in Spatt 475).   This being the case, the student did not need to put this inside quotation marks. The phrase â€Å"ritualistic pushing† (Spatt 476) should have included three periods in between and after the words â€Å"ritualistic† and â€Å"pushing† because in the original article, there were additional words in between and after the two words.   The addition of three periods in between these two words would advise the readers that although this was a direct quotation from the article, the student left out some of the words in order to make the statement or the phrase more cohesive and as such be able to create a clear statement while ensuring that the ideas and thoughts of the author are acknowledge in order to prevent any possibility of plagiarism (Spatt 477). Works Cited Spatt, Brenda. Writing for Sources 7th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007.