A German- Chinese Joint Venture in the Electronics...

Case study: A German- Chinese joint venture in the electronics industry Analysis of the underlying intercultural communication differences For: The course of Intercultural Business Communication in China The School of International studies [STUDENT’S NAME] Agenda Agenda†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....................II 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 2 Case description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............................................................1-2 3 Analysis of the case†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3-6 3.1 Problems and underlying cultural differences 3.2 Solutions and recommendations 4 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5†¦show more content†¦They complain about the Chinese stealing Western know-how but, at the same time, if they have a few hours free before their flight to Germany, they go to the fake market and buy watches and clothing for their family and friends.† ( source: Business spotlight (2008): The Chinese-German team, http://www.business-spotlight.de/intercultural/case-studies/the-chinese-german-team) Although a consultant was brought in, during the interviews the situation got even worse. Important negotiations about the JV did not advance. The four key central points on which the problem is based were the following: Firstly, in Mr. Meier`s view the negotiations just did not advance. Secondly, Mr. Meier thought the negotiations were not being conducted effectively. Thirdly, the Headquarter in Germany puts a lot of pressure on Mr. Meier to get it done very quickly. And finally Mr. Meier was angry with Mr. Wang and screamed at him that he was no longer prepared to be kept waiting. 3 Analysis and solutions of the case 3.1 Problems and underlying cultural differences Concerning the interviews there seem to be a number of cultural differences. The first key issue is Responsibility. While the German Manager Mr. Meier thinks that the Chinese don t take responsibility, the Chinese Manager Mr. Wang doesn t feel they are given any. For the German side, taking responsibility means acting independently within a predefined framework. 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Energy Drinks Essay - 1231 Words

In the present society, people’s schedules tend to be extremely hectic due to either strenuous work schedules or keeping up with school and families. Due to this, numerous individuals do not obtain the recommended eight hours of sleep. On top of not getting enough sleep, they do not eat the proper foods to nourish their bodies. In return, they have a substantial lack of energy. Usually people who do not take care of themselves tend to eventually get more tired by mid-day and as their day goes on. A simple solution would be to go to bed earlier and eat better foods. However, our society has become very lazy, obese, and have started to take the easy way out over the years. Instead of eating better and trying to get more sleep, people drink†¦show more content†¦Caffeine, however, is the most common stimulant. â€Å"Caffeine is the most widely used drug on the planet and has been used for centuries for its stimulating effects† (energy fiend.com). Most energy drinks contain between seventy to two hundred milligrams of caffeine each. For example, a full can of Rockstar contains one hundred sixty milligrams of caffeine. Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system, which gives the body a jolt of their senses, making them more alert. The use of caffeine can dehydrate the body and raise blood pressure and heart rate. Symptoms can commonly occur from consuming caffeine such as, heart palpitations, headaches, nausea, and the jitters. Taurine is an amino acid that is naturally produced by the body. Our body usually creates enough of this so you do not need a supplement. It is said to help with regulating the heart beat, energy and muscle contractions. A long time ago the use of taurine was banned in certain countries, but that ban has been lifted. The ingredient gaurana comes from a plant in South America. Some people say that gaurana works better than caffeine for an energy boost, but there are not many statistics on the fact. The last of the five common ingredients is all of the B vitamins that are used. These vitamins are pretty much the items that help you transform food into energy. The Vitamins B6 and B12 do not absorb well when you swallow them. Typically the amounts of B vitamins used in most of the energy drinks will have noShow MoreRelatedEnergy Drinks : The Energy Drink1548 Words   |  7 PagesMonster Energy Drink Over the years, energy drinks have been a phenomenon. Since 1997, when Red Bull became a sensation, the consumption of energy drinks has been at an all-time high. Currently, the energy drinks is a billion dollar market, with the U.S sales of Red Bull and Monster beverages totaling 4.5 billion dollars in 2016 (Statista, 2017). Other energy drinks in the market include Rock Star, Cocaine, Amp, Full Throttle, and Rip It. Generally, Malinauskas, Aeby, Overton, Carpenter-Aeby, andRead MoreEnergy Drinks1798 Words   |  8 Pagesquickly it could all slip away. 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Downloading Movies and TV is not a Crime

Question: Write an essay onDownloading movies and TV is not a crime. Answer: Its not illegal- stated by Jon Lawrence, Executive officer of Electronic Frontiers Alliance. Jons statement is in the context of downloading TV shows and movies especially in Australia. The author Rose Powell in her article, Downloading movies and TV is not a crime illustrates on his statement as evident in the country where almost half a million people are estimated to download movies and TV shows without even paying for it (Powell, 2014). According to the BBC report on the subscription services of piracy, around 13000 Australians attempt to the torrent files before it is launch officially (Gunter DeCamp, 2013). The article deals in illustrating the current legislation and the statistics of the people living in the country relating to the use of the piracy. The author is of the opinion that the words theft and stolen are often related to the movie tormenting conversations and piracy. The piracy has been the major issue of the current digital world where people are just taking advantage of the activities due to the absence of the regulations and laws governing the piracy in the country. According to digital activist, the piracy involves the making of a copy of the materials where the copyright owner are still capable of making the copies and sell the same by themselves and hence, should not be regarded as theft (Boggio Robertson, 2013). Depoorter Van Hiel, (2016) believe that the theft should not be applied in the terms of piracy as the copyright owners are not rest cited to sell their materials in the market. According to Gunter DeCamp (2013), the major ICT issue of the illegal downloading of the shows and movies, as evident in the article is the copyright issues which deals in the protection of the materials, works, arts and documen ts, being copyright of an individual, form the illegal utilization by any individual. In order to protect the piracy and copyright issues, the Government is required to create awareness of the ethical theories and implicate the copyright infringement and legal actions against the individuals who are associated with the illegal downloading of the TV shows and movies form the internet. Just Consequentialism is the class of ethical theories that holds the consequences of the acting on conduct on the individual basis for the judgment about the wrong doings or rightness of the conduct (Burmeister, 2013). From the standpoint of Liebowitz (2013), a morally right act enables in producing a positive and good consequence or outcome. According to an English proverb, the end justifies the means which helps in signifying the importance of the goal, which should be moral such that any method required achieving the same, would be acceptable (Amit Greene, 2012). According to Burmeister (2013), Consequentialism can be contrasted with deontology in which moral duty and rules are the core, which is derived by the wrongness or righteousness of ones conduct from the character of the behavior itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct. Attfield (2014) believes that the Consequentialism should also be contrasted with the virtue ethics, which helps in finding the character of the a gent instead of the virtue of the act itself. However, Chen Schonger (2013) believe that the consequential and deontologist theories could be mutually exclusive. They further postulate that the ethical rights to be considered as the deontology can only be justified only with the reference to the consequences of the associated rights. The Utilitarian theory is another ethical theory that holds the best moral action for the one that maximizes the utility. According to the founder of the utilitarian theory, Jeremy Bentham, the utility can be defined as the various ways that could be related to the well being of the sentient entities (Bentham, 2014). According to Sheng (2012), the concept of utility should be including the quality, quantity of the pleasure of the traditional moral values for achieving a particular outcome. Some of the researcher believes that the utilitarian must choose the act that conforms the general rule for getting the best consequences. Some of the utilitarian are of the belief that the major aspect of the theory is that it allows the lying around for getting the best consequences related to a particular situation (Evans Lee, 2013). The utilitarian can be allowed to choose the act for getting the best consequences. However, some of the rule utilitarian is of the opinion that speaking the truth helps in promoting good to every individual and that should be followed even if lying would be producing the best possible consequences (Schneider, 2014). Morever, such differences among the utilitarian must be holding the general principle that depends on the balancing of the harmful and beneficial consequences of the conduct. The utilitarian theory is the most significant method for moral decision-making process (Conway Gawronski, 2013). Thus, from the discussion of the theories related to the ethical values, the moral decisions should be taking into account for the justice by considering the immediate and less immediate consequences of the actions taken. Given the inconsistencies in summing the benefits and harms of the people, the consequentials ask to look beyond self-interest. The utilitarian ask us to look beyond the self-interest to consider impartially the interest of all person affected by our actions. The piracy has been the major issue of the current digital world where people are not just thinking about the consequences of the crime due to the absence of the regulations and laws governing the piracy in the country. The people are more concerned with doing what they feel like to be happy with the downloading of the otherwise copyright file without paying for the same. Thus, it seems very incumbent from the perspective of the consumers to try to respect the intellectual property which until they are faced wi th the imposing of the unreasonable expanses on them. Refraining these people from accessing and downloading, the material from internet would be a difficult takes until and unless they are made aware of the situation and the penalties involved. References Attfield, R. (2014).Environmental Ethics: An Overview for TheTwenty-First Century. John Wiley Sons. Bentham, J. (2014).Deontology; or, The Science of Morality.: In two volumes. Adegi Graphics LLC. Boggio, A., Robertson, J. H. (2013). The Unfinished Business of Assessing the Costs of Illegal Downloading.Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society. Borja, K., Dieringer, S., Daw, J. (2015). The effect of music streaming services on music piracy among college students.Computers in Human Behavior,45, 69-76. Burmeister, O. K. (2013). Achieving the goal of a global computing code of ethics through an international-localisation hybrid.Ethical Space,10(4), 25-32. Chen, D. L., Schonger, M. (2013).Social preferences or sacred values? theory and evidence of deontological motivations. Working paper, ETH Zurich, Mimeo. Conway, P., Gawronski, B. (2013). Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: a process dissociation approach.Journal of personality and social psychology,104(2), 216. Depoorter, B., Van Hiel, A. (2016). Copyright Alert Enforcement: Six Strikes and Privacy Harms.Columbia Journal of Law the Arts, Forthcoming. Evans, A. D., Lee, K. (2013). Lying, morality, and development.Handbook of Moral Development,361, 361-384. Gunter, W. D., DeCamp, W. (2013). File-sharers and Copyright-infringers: Threat Or Menace?. Liebowitz, S. J. (2013). 23. Internet piracy: the estimated impact on sales.Handbook on the Digital Creative Economy, 262. Phau, I., Lim, A., Liang, J., Lwin, M. (2014). Engaging in digital piracy of movies: a theory of planned behaviour approach.Internet Research,24(2), 246-266. Powell, R. (2014).Downloading movies and TV is not a crime.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 May 2016, from https://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/digital-life-news/downloading-movies-and-tv-is-not-a-crime-20141126-11uyie Schneider, R. C. (2014). Utilitarian Moral Theory: Parallels between a Sport Organization and Society. Sheng, C. L. (2012).A new approach to utilitarianism: A unified utilitarian theory and its application to distributive justice(Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media.

Religion of the Founding Fathers and the Role of the First Amendment in the Separation of the Church and the State

Unlike the Puritan Fathers, who established the religious freedom in American in 1639, the Founding Fathers were among the pioneers who managed to fix the place of religion in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion of the Founding Fathers and the Role of the First Amendment in the Separation of the Church and the State specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this respect, Lambert writers, â€Å"their bequests were the ideas of separation of church and state and the free exercise of religion extended people to all faith or no faith†1. Therefore, the Founding Fathers can be regarded the initiators of a religious revolution because they were rejecting the idea of establishing official religion, as well as of making it the organizing principle of church-state relations, as it had been accepted in the majority of the American colonies. More importantly, the right of individuals to free choice o f religion was exposed to the First Amendment of the Constitutions, which has become the guiding principle of regulating political and social relations in the country. As a result, a resolute transformation from the Puritan Fathers in 1639, who uphold the religion as a foundation of any society, to the Founding Fathers in 1787, who accepted freedom of religion as an inherent component of any individual, was explained by the shifts in the meaning of freedom, especially the change to concept of religious freedom in the history of the United States. The outlook of the Founding Fathers on religion radically differed from that introduced by the Puritan Fathers. Because they adhered to the ideology of the Enlightenment, they had a strong belief in the people’s ability to understand the most fundamental laws through their reason. Therefore, the true conception of religion was perceived as something that is not controlled by the church or represented in the Bible. Rather, religion wa s an expression of free rational inquiry.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The creators of the U.S. Constitution aimed to protect their idea of religious freedom by defying the connection between state and church. The obvious shift in the place of religious freedom became the central question in 1787 because of the diversity pattern that the Founding Father exercised. The decision to introduce separation between state and religion was largely predetermined by the existing diversity in religious beliefs at the beginning of seventeenth century. In particular, the territories occupied by the British colonists did not belong to common religious systems. The first two colonies transplanted diverse religious beliefs – that of the Church of England settled in the 1607 in Virginia and the Puritanism in New England. Each colony was free to exercise their faith and determine the role of religion in shaping the social and moral foundations of the colonies. More importantly, both Virginia and New England gave their religion official status and introduced tax revenues supporting and protecting the Church from heretics and dissenters2. Because of the suspicion of rivalry on the basis of religious frictions, there was a growing necessity to establish religion in a broader context and provide individuals with the right to choose their own religious affiliation. While establishing religion as individuals’ superior right, much concern is connected with the religious beliefs of the creators of the U.S. Constitution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion of the Founding Fathers and the Role of the First Amendment in the Separation of the Church and the State specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The opinion about the faith that the Founding Fathers uphold can be explained from two perspectiv es. The first one poses Enlightenment as the basic moral foundation whereas the second belief derives from understanding of the American culture and ideology. In fact, there was no monolithic view that each of the first patriots adhered to. Rather, their religious affiliations were as diverse as their political views. For instance, Thomas Jefferson supported the idea of religious freedom was accompanied with his objection to the power of clergy and its influence on human will. Specifically, Jefferson proclaimed, â€Å"†¦nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief, but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3. Benjamin stated that â€Å"there is in all men something like a natural principle which inclines them to devotion or the worship of some unseen power†4. Although the Founder did not mention God in his religious proclamation, his reference to religious was ma de to the existence of the Supreme Being. James Madison was also among the supporters of the Constitution that encouraged the natural principles that guided all individuals in their personal choices. Many of other America’s founders belonged to deism and there were some who practiced neither Christianity nor Deism, including Washington and Adams. Therefore, the obvious religious discrepancies should be eliminated to build a strong and powerful nation with the human rights at the core of morale and social welfare.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The introduction of the First Amendment was a step forward toward the nationalization of individuals’ freedom of exercising various religions. Therefore, the U.S. Constitution encouraged the religious freedom through establishing separation between state and church. Before the adoption, each citizen of the country were required to enter the Church membership, despite their personal attitudes and views on religion. Further debates on the issues led to the ideological struggle between various religious schools and, as a result, American society experienced political and social instability5. Therefore, the adoption of the First Amendment marked the change in perceiving the concept of separation of church and state because it was closely associated with the religious freedom of individuals in the United States. The religious freedom introduced by Thomas Jefferson and the Constitution is often represented through the concept of separation6. In fact, the Constitutional phrase has t riggered the disturbances among the American citizens who understood it as freedom of the religious institutions from the influence of the political and civil power. In a broader context, the religious freedom mentioned in the First Amendment represents â€Å"a freedom from laws instituting, supporting, or otherwise establishing religion†7. Jefferson often referred to this law a wall between church and state government. Hence, separation between church and state was understood as something more than disestablishment of relations between religion and political power. Rather, it was often considered as segregation, a distance of contact between these two institutions. Although, the fact of separation was not proclaimed literarily in the Constitution, this concept has acquired official recognition of the Jefferson’s statement. Specifically, the concept was widely used by Roger Williams in 1802, who gave constitutional significance concerning separation, President Grant in 1878, and Justice Black in 1947, whose opinion in the case made Jefferson’s idea of separation the basis of further development of jurisprudence. Jefferson’s metaphor ‘wall of separation’ was cited in many legal cases to define the exact relations between state and religion. Despite various views on the emergence of the separation between religious and governmental institutions, the actual wall between those appeared. On the one hand, separation could be understood as an attempt of dissenters to focus on the civil rights of individuals irrespective of their religious beliefs. Such an opposition was often perceived as a desire of the dissenters to take control of the ministers. On the other hand, the supporters of religious freedom did not seek to disconnect church and state. In fact, the dissenters advocated their utmost goals to establish equality among the individuals in terms of religious preferences, which should not affect their attitude to political and social views on the government. There is apparent evidence that most of the Founding Fathers criticized the clergy and promulgated the independence of the government from the power and pressure imposed by high social layers of population. They used religious as a powerful tool in controlling people and establishing moral principles that each citizen should observe. Therefore, separation of religion from social institutions was an attempt to liberate people from pressure and protect them from involuntary affiliation to religion. In conclusion, the Founding Fathers belonged to various religious wings and supported various Churches. Because of the diverse patterns and attitudes, they faced serious challenges because religious influenced emergence of conflicts in political sphere. In order to eliminate friction, they considered it reasonable to introduce the concept of religious freedom and change the outlooks on religion as a tool of controlling human consciousness. Introducing th e First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution allowed the America’s founders to establish equality among the individuals and prioritize the human right to choose religion irrespective of their political affiliations. Religion, therefore, has become an inherent right of each individual to choose, which gave rise to the concept of separation of church and state. References Conwa, J. R. (2008) A Look at the First Amendment: Freedom of Speech and Religion. US: Enslow Publishers. Hamburger, P. (2004) Separation of Church and State. US: Harvard University Press. Lambert, F. (2006). The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America. US: Princeton University Press. Mapp, A. J. (2005). The Faith of Our Fathers: What America’s Founders Really Believed. US: Rowman Littlefield. Footnotes 1 F. Lambert (2006). The Founding Fathers and The Place of Religion in America. US: Princeton University Press. pp. 2-3. 2 F. Lambert (2006). The Founding Fathers and The Place of Religion i n America. US: Princeton University Press.18 3 A.J. Mapp (2005). The Faith of Our Fathers: What America’s Founders Really Believed. US: Rowman Littlefield 8. 4 Ibid. 23. 5 J.R. Conway. (2008) A Look at the First Amendment: Freedom of Speech and Religion. US: Enslow Publishers. 47. 6 P. Hamburger. (2004) Separation of Church and State. US: Harvard University Press. p. 2. 7 Ibid. 2. This essay on Religion of the Founding Fathers and the Role of the First Amendment in the Separation of the Church and the State was written and submitted by user Nelson Mclean to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.